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This repeats something we’ve already done but in Frege’s words. When Frege was writing, he didn’t know about superman (it hadn’t been created yet). So instead he focussed on a film called ‘The Long Kiss Goodnight’.
 
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‘What is stated in the proposition ‘Charly is Samantha’ is certainly not the same thing as the content of the proposition ‘Charly is Charly’.

 
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How do I know it’s raining in Sweden
 
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Not everyone agrees about this. Consider for instance Devitt and Sterelny’s 1999 textbook.
 
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In this course I'm also speaking as if sentences were truth bearers. (Sorry!)
 
sentence vs utterance
 
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They’re actions which typically occur in, and are constitutive of, lingiustic communication. Hard to define because not all utterances are communicative.
 
Part of the point is to avoid distinguishing oral and manual communication.
 
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‘What is stated in the proposition ‘Charly is Samantha’ is certainly not the same thing as the content of the proposition ‘Charly is Charly’.

\citep[p.~44]{Frege:1892uq}.
 
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You’re gonna be writing an article on this. Link what is written here to the Observation on handout from lecture 10
 
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‘Someone who takes the latter to be true need not … take the former to be true

\citep[p.~44]{Frege:1892uq}.
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\citep[p.~44]{Frege:1892uq}.
 
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I’ll give you three answers ...
 
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\subsection{slide-54}
This is offered as an intuitive gesture towards an answer ...
 
‘Frege’s idea was that to understand an expression, one must not merely think of the reference that it is the reference, but that one must, in so thinking, think of the reference in a particular way.
The way in which one must think of the reference of an expression in order to understand it is that expression’s sense’
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\subsection{slide-55}
\citep[p.~294]{Evans:1985gj}
 
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I’ll give you two answers ...
 
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\subsection{slide-60}
Andrea is in her office speaking on the telephone to her friend Ben. As she looks out of the window, Andrea notices a man on the street below using his mobile phone. He’s not looking where he’s going; he’s about to step out in front of a bus. Andrea does not realise that this man is Ben, the friend she is speaking to. She bangs the window and waves frantically in an attempt to warn the man, but says nothing into the phone.
\citep[adapted from][p.~439]{Richard:1983rl}
 
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Since the man on the street is the man Andrea is speaking with, this inference is valid-1 but not valid-2.
 
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\subsection{slide-64}
‘Sense is that, sameness of which makes trading on identity legitimate, difference in which means that trading on identity is not legitimate’ (legitimate: that is, knowledge of the premises suffices for knowledge of the conclusion) \citep[p.~59]{Campbell:1997tk}.
 

‘What is stated in the proposition ‘Charly is Samantha’ is certainly not the same thing as the content of the proposition ‘Charly is Charly’.

 

‘What is stated in the proposition ‘Charly is Samantha’ is certainly not the same thing as the content of the proposition ‘Charly is Charly’.

\citep[p.~44]{Frege:1892uq}.
 

‘Someone who takes the latter to be true need not … take the former to be true

\citep[p.~44]{Frege:1892uq}.
 
‘Frege’s idea was that to understand an expression, one must not merely think of the reference that it is the reference, but that one must, in so thinking, think of the reference in a particular way.
The way in which one must think of the reference of an expression in order to understand it is that expression’s sense’
\citep[p.~294]{Evans:1985gj}
 
Andrea is in her office speaking on the telephone to her friend Ben. As she looks out of the window, Andrea notices a man on the street below using his mobile phone. He’s not looking where he’s going; he’s about to step out in front of a bus. Andrea does not realise that this man is Ben, the friend she is speaking to. She bangs the window and waves frantically in an attempt to warn the man, but says nothing into the phone.
\citep[adapted from][p.~439]{Richard:1983rl}
 
‘Sense is that, sameness of which makes trading on identity legitimate, difference in which means that trading on identity is not legitimate’ (legitimate: that is, knowledge of the premises suffices for knowledge of the conclusion) \citep[p.~59]{Campbell:1997tk}.
 

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